Methods of Crop Improvement


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Methods of Crop Improvement

The factors for which variety improvement is done are:

  • Higher yield: To increase productivity of the crop per acre.
  • Improved quality: The quality of crop products vary from crop to crop. E.g., protein quality is important in pulses, oil quality in oilseeds, preserving quality in fruits and vegetables.
  • Biotic and abiotic resistance: Biotic factors are the diseases, insects and nematodes while abiotic factors are the drought, salinity, water logging, heat, cold and frost which affect the crop productivity. Varieties resistant to these factors (stresses) can be improved to increase crop production.
  • Change in maturity duration: Shorter maturity period of crop reduces the cost of crop production and makes the variety economical. Uniform maturity makes the harvesting process easy and reduces losses during harvesting.
  • Wider adaptability: It allows the crops to be grown under different climatic conditions in different areas.
  • Desirable agronomic characteristics: It increases productivity, for example, tallness and profuse branching are desirable characters for fodder crops; while dwarfness is desired in cereals, so that less nutrients are consumed by these crops.
  • Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    Use of ____________________ developed by plant breeding increases the production of crops.

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    The crops can be made resistant from _______________ biotic factors.

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Which of the following are correct :

    (a) Use of improved seeds/ crops developed by plant breeding.

    (b) Improvement in soil fertility by using fertilisers.

    (c) Protection of plants from pests by using pesticides.

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
     
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